Twitter

How Twitter built Earlybird, its custom real-time distributed search engine — from MySQL LIKE queries to inverted indexes, Lucene, and a distributed Lucene index tuned for tweet search at scale.

End-to-end Twitter system design — functional and non-functional requirements, load balancer, API gateway, tweet/timeline/search services, Manhattan, CDN, cache, and rate limiting.

How Twitter built Daperture (Deterministic Aperture) — an internal load-balancing algorithm combining deterministic server subsets with Power of Two Choices to distribute traffic at scale.

How Twitter built Manhattan, its distributed storage system — sharding, replication, replica repair, and why existing databases did not meet Twitter's latency and operational requirements.

How Twitter's Snowflake generates unique, sortable 64-bit IDs at scale — breaking down the epoch, datacenter, machine, and sequence bits.

How Twitter built a scalable timeline service — from fanout on write vs read, to the hybrid approach Raffi Krikorian led that powers hundreds of millions of users.